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{{François Baroin, Ministre de l’Outre-Mer, Maire de Troyes}}

{{Didier Papaz, Président de la CCI de Troyes et de l’Aube}}

{{Les débats}}

{{Magdus awards}}

{{Echanges conviviaux}}

{{Espace Argence}}

[
->http://www.magdus.fr/Agenda]

{{Contact}}
[->accueil@magdus.com]

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{{{Plus d’infos:}}}

[Magasins d’usine et centres de marques : quelle place et quel avenir en Europe? Toutes les synthèses du colloque 2005-> http://www.magdus.fr/xxxxxxxxxxxxxx]

[Magdus Awards 2005->http://www.magdus.fr/Laureats-nomines-2005]

[Magasins d’usine, centres de marques : risques ou opportunités pour les territoires ? Toutes les synthèses du colloque 2003-> http://www.magdus.fr/xxxx]

Contact : [->accueil@magdus.com]

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{{{FOC’ sector in Europe}}}

{{The operators: specialists or generalists (1st July 2008)}}

|{{Operators}}|{{Number of centres}}|{{Selling area in sqm}}|
|McArthurGlen|17|367.100|
|Realm|12|167.550|
|Neinver|10|139.000|
|Value Retail|9|125.600|
|Freeport|3|113.200|
|Concepts & distribution|8|103.300|

On the 1st July 2008, these 6 operators shared :
-* 37% of the existing centres in Europe
-* 47,5% of the european sales area

{{{More information about FOC’ sector in Europe}}}
_
[{{Economic surveys}}->http://www.magdus.fr/Fonctionnement-des-centres-de]
_ {Source : European Factory Outlet Centres Observatory}

-*[{{All the studies…}}->http://www.magdus.fr/All-the-studies,1495]

-*{{Study: Which factory outlet centre? The UK consumer’s selection criteria}}

{{Author}} : Georgina Whyatt, Business School, Oxford Brookes University.

{{ Abstract :}} Factory outlet centres are the fastest growing retail format in Europe. This is at a time when many ‘traditional’ shopping centres are suffering from consumer caution and have responded by differentiating their offer. Factory outlet centres are part of this response. There has, however, been little academic research that focuses on this new style of shopping centre. This paper examines what is important to the UK factory outlet centre shopper, and ranks a range of choice criteria to better understand why this consumer visits one such centre in preference to another. Implications for retailers and directions for future research are provided.
_
_ {(r 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)}
_
-* Read the full version in PDF format

{{{Share of household consumption expenditure on clothing and footwear in 2003}}}

|{{Country}}|{{Share (%)}|
|{{ Greece }}|{{ 10,1}|
|{{ Italy }}|{{ 9,0}|
|{{ Latvia* }}|{{ 8,4}|
|{{ Portugal* }}|{{ 7,1}|
|{{ Cyprus }}|{{ 6,9}|
|{{ Austria }}|{{ 6,9}|
|{{ Slovenia }}|{{ 6,3}|
|{{ Estonia }}|{{ 6,1}|
|{{ Malta* }}|{{ 6,1}|
|{{ United Kingdom }}|{{ 6,0}|
|{{ Spain}}|{{ 5,9}}|
|{{ Lituania }}|{{5,9}}|
|{{ Germany }}|{{5,5}}|
|{{ Netherlands }}|{{5,5}}|
|{{ Belgium }}|{{5,4}}|
|{{ Irland }}|{{5,4}}|
|{{ Sweden }|{{5,2}}|
|{{ Czech Republic }}|{{5,1}}|
|{{ Denmark }}|{{5}}|
|{{ Finland }}|{{4,7}}|
|{{France}}|{{4,5}}|
|{{Luxembourg}}|{{4,5}}|
|{{ Poland }}|{{4,4}}|
|{{ Hungary }}|{{4,2}}|
|{{ Slovakia }}|{{3,7}}|

————

{{ Contact}} : [->accueil@magdus.com]

{{{ {{Existing centres in France
(november 2008)}} }}}

In France, between 1993 and 2007, the sales area dedicated to FOC doubled, from 123.000 sqm (7 centres) to 266.000 sqm (20 centres).

{{{ {{Evolution of the concept in France between 1993 and 2007}} }}}
|{{Year}}|1993|1997|2002|2005|2007|
|{{Number of centres}}|7|12|17|19|20|
|{{Sales area (sqm)}}|123000|152000|216000|251000|266000|
|{{Estimation turnover (€ incl. VAT (Millions d’€)}} |320|426|635|766|800|

{{{ {{Factory outlet centres in France, june 2008}} }}}
|{{ Number of centres }}|20|
|{{ Selling area (sqm)}}|266.000 m²|
|{{ Number of commercail units }}|1 200|
|{{ Authorised projects }}|126.000 m²|
|{{ Projects known to be under consideration}}|more than 100.000 m²|
|{{ Estimation turnover ( € incl. VAT)}}|800 M€|
|{{ Estimation number of employees}}| 5.200|
|{{ Estimation number of consumers (in millions}}|8|

More information about the situation in France, but in french, click here
[http://www.magdus.fr/Situation-france->http://www.magdus.fr/Situation-france]

————

_ Contact : [->accueil@magdus.com]

A stagnation of the concept, in the form of theme-based models dedicated to clothing brands, was announced at the end of the 1990s. Today, the Factory Outlet Centres wish to offer diversity and a large number of projects deploy a more “fragmented” offer. In addition to those who highlight a «distribution / culture / services / leisure» package, we note that proposals to open new outlets wish to appear as real responses to economic and social issues in the territories concerned.

{Without regulations specifically for them, brand centres or factory stores must meet installation and/or functioning conditions. These are more or less strict depending on the country. For instance, in the European Union countries fall into two different categories: those where the projects to set up new outlets or to extend existing outlets are subject to a specific authorisation (case of France), independent of the building permit, and those, fewer in number, where the projects depend solely on the issue of the building permit (case of the United Kingdom).}

{{{In Germany}}}
The setting up of brand centres must comply with requirements defined, on the one hand by the federal law on territorial planning and the series of laws relating to construction and, on the other hand, by development programmes for the Länder. The main goal is to ensure sustainable development of the territory, combining socio-economic requirements with ecological stability.
_ Advertising rules are applicable for all direct sales from factories to consumers. In addition, as regards the running of the company, rules on opening hours and price display are identical to those applicable to any sales establishment.

{{{In Belgium}}}
The legislation applicable to factory stores is the law of 29 June 1975. This law specifies that an authorisation must be obtained for any opening of a new store or extension of an existing store. It divides the Belgium territory into 2 areas (urban and rural) and, based on this distinction, entrepreneurs may or may not need to obtain a socio-economic permit for their project.
_ For rural areas, a permit is needed for all commercial areas exceeding 750m² of commercial floor area and /or 1 000 m² of gross built area. For urban areas, the same permit is necessary when the net commercial area exceeds 1500 m² and/or when the gross built area exceeds 3 000 m². The decision to issue or otherwise a permit can take more than 6 years.
_ The procedure put in place by the Law of 1975 on commercial establishments only provides for recourse in the event that the Comité socio-économique pour la Distribution [Socio-Economic Committee for Distribution] issues a favourable or partly favourable opinion on a file. The recourse files are then examined by the National Commission and the Interministerial Committee for Distribution.

{{{In Spain}}}
The law of 15 January 1996 introduced certain rules with the aim of making the commercial sector more stable. Like France, the Spanish government had implemented drastic measures to freeze the progress of modern commerce.
_ Current regulations are more consensual. It is the independent communities that are responsible for their application. Consequently, town councillors play a major role in commercial urbanism.

{{{In France}}}
The opening of large retail centres is more strictly controlled by the Raffarin Law of 5 July 1996, including the concept of factory store. An authorisation is required for the installation of any retail outlet with a sales area exceeding 300 m² and extensions of stores when their total area exceeds 300 m².
_ Applications are examined by the CDEC (Commission Départementale d’Equipement Commercial or Departmental Commission for Commercial Installations, composed of 7 members of whom the Prefect who chairs the Commission). The Commission has four months to rule on the file. In this way the project can be authorised in full, in part or refused. In the case of dispute of the decision, an appeal procedure can be launched within two months by the Prefect of the département or at least two members of the CDEC, with the CNEC (Commission Nationale d’Equipement Commercial – National Commission for Commercial Installations). This Commission is composed of four high government officials and four key figures competent in the field of territorial development or distribution, all appointed by the Minister for Commerce for six years. The CNEC also has four months to rule. Finally, a last appeal is possible to the Conseil d’Etat.

{{{In Portugal}}}
According to the law of 20 August 1997, it is compulsory to obtain an installation authorisation for large commercial units. As regards the installation of a brand centre, the threshold is fixed at 20000 m². The request is filed with the General Division for Competition and Consumption (DGCC). The authorisation by the Ministry of the Economy is only granted if the brand centre’s market share on the territory (mainland) is less than 15 %. Then the start-up of activity is subject to a functioning authorisation issued by the DGCC which checks whether the general conditions are fulfilled.

{{{Existing centres in Europe
(april 2008)}}}

{{{ {{Main Tendancies (may 2008)}} }}}

-* Sales area : more than 2.1 millions of sqm
-* Number of centres : 158
-*Evolution of the number of the centres between 2002 and 2007 : more than 50%
-* Main reception countries of the new centres : South Europe (Spain, Italy), CEEC (Hungary, Poland)

{{{ {{European countries Top 5 (may 2008)}} }}}

[More information->http://www.magdus.fr/spip.php?page=centre&lang=fr]}}}

Whilst the concept offers variants in its general aspect (mixed distribution/culture/leisure centres, distribution centres open to several sectors of activity, centres specifically reserved for personal equipment, etc.), there is a common denominator among these different formulas: the brands. But for a centre to function it is not a question of attracting just any brand type. There is, in fact, a real brand typology that must be taken into account in reasoning when planning a centre (from the international brand to the young brand of the moment). The brands fulfil different “functions”: some strengthen a centre’s renown, others tend more to generate visits or make the centre part of a hot trend.

If you want contact us:[->accueil@magdus.com]

The operators: specialists or generalists (1st July 2008)

|{{Operators}}|{{Number of centres}}|{{Selling area in sqm}}|
|McArthurGlen|17|367.100|
|Realm|12|167.550|
|Neinver|10|139.000|
|Value Retail|9|125.600|
|Freeport|3|113.200|
|Concepts & distribution|8|103.300|

On the 1st July 2008, these 6 operators shared :
-* 37% of the existing centres in Europe
-* 47,5% of the european sales area