{{Caroline LAMY}}
_ Factory shops adjoining production sites have existed since the 1930s, but the modern concept of brand centres did not emerge until 1974, in the United States and 1984, in France. The sector did not begin to become truly professional until ten years later, with McArthurGlen, Concepts & Distribution, etc. By the end of the 1990s, brand centres had literally exploded.
_ The first, minimal, generation started in 1984 with the « Usine » at Roubaix. Factory outlets were set up in industrial towns and the goods they offered were disparate. The brands were inconspicuous and customers, mostly families, came because of the prices. The architecture was minimalist (warehouses), there were no services and advertising was by word of mouth.
_ In 1993, the second generation arrived, underpinned by professionals (Marques Avenue at Troyes). They emphasised the brands and guaranteed price mark-downs. The centres were laid out like traditional shops and there was media advertising; but the target population was still families from industrial towns and urban areas.
_ The third generation appeared in the United Kingdom at the end of the 1990s, marking a new breakthrough – increased brand selection and enhancement, improved shopper comfort, customer loyalty schemes in a market that was becoming extremely competitive. New centres were set up in major tourist areas and capitals, in order to attract tourists.
_ The fourth generation, which also started in the United Kingdom around 2000, concentrates on top-of-the-range products. Operators have created centres dedicated to certain types of products or themes, and combine leisure and tourist activities, referred to as « funshopping ». These centres meet High Quality Environmental standards.



{{Bruno ROGOWSKI}}
_ You often find the same operators present in all the different generations of the concept. How did the concept develop in Europe?



{{Caroline LAMY}}
_ Ten years after the creation of the « Usine » in Roubaix, factory outlets emerged across Europe, from the west to the east. In 1993, there were 8 centres in Europe, and today there are 150, or a total trading surface area of two million square metres.
The United Kingdom, Italy, Spain and France are the market leaders. Brand centres exist mainly in a large areas in the centre/west of Europe, where there is high through traffic and high population density. The number of projects is exploding – over 2.3 million square metres are currently at the project stage.



{{Bruno ROGOWSKI}}
_ Do any of the second generation projects still exist?



{{Caroline LAMY}}
_ Operators tend to adopt the fourth generation concept, in order to distinguish themselves from their competitors. However, there are certain cultural differences, which may be an obstacle; in France, for example, « funshopping » has not been spontaneously accepted.



{{Bruno ROGOWSKI}}
_ Who are the operators today?



{{Caroline LAMY}}
_ Today there are over sixty operators, the leader being McArthur Glen. The six European leaders share 36 % of the activity, but all operators are increasing the number of their centres. We can quote some key dates – in 1993, the Marques Avenue centre at Troyes opened, and Clarks Village in the United Kingdom. In 1995 McArthurGlen entered the market. From 2000 onwards, investors became increasingly present in the market and in 2007, Unibail and Rodamco Europe merged.



{{Bruno ROGOWSKI}}
_ What are the major current development trends in this brand centre sector?



{{Caroline LAMY}}
_ It could be said that there are six major trends:
– player diversification – new players are emerging, those who are extending their activities (Ikea, Unibail), to which you can add local operators and investors (banks, insurance companies, pension funds, etc.)
– marketing policy – the market offering is becoming more diversified and is going up-range. Operators are insisting on high architectural quality in the new theme centres (tourism and leisure) and are seeking to play a role in sustainable development.
– location – centres are being set up along major routes and in tourist areas and major European cities.
– a new method of distribution – apart from relieving excess stock, the centres are true business areas.
– brands and the regions – previously the Brands tended to neglect brand shops. Now the centres generate throughput, which is stimulating interest from the brands and from the regions.
– competition is growing between the operators, but also perhaps with other distribution channels, such as internet.



{{Discussions with the floor}}



{{Neil CHAPMAN}}, Chameleon Retail
_ As generations move on, what type of buildings are developers constructing, strip malls or village type outlets?



{{Caroline LAMY}}
_ The « village » concept appears to predominate over strip malls, but each operator has his own strategy; Concepts & Distribution, unlike Mac Arthur Glen, does not build villages.



{{Alexandre SEJOURNE}} (Real-Estate Director, Marques Avenue)
_ We should beware of « seeking out every square metre ». This would lead to centres being isolated in small collectivities. Centres that are too big do not enhance the brands. We must not deceive the consumer with the attractive villages.



{{Barbara HORATZ}} (BVS Outlet villages)
_ There is not one single architectural solution. In Germany, for example, consumers appreciate steel and glass structures just as much as the village concept.



{{Bruno ROGOWSKI}}
_ Is a village more likely to reflect local features and to be integrated into the environment?



{{Barbara HORATZ}} (BVS)
_ There is room for several concepts.



{{Bruno ROGOWSKI}}
_ With the surface area increasing, is not the problem a shortfall of brands for the centres?



{{Alexandre SEJOURNE}} (Real Estate Director, Marques Avenue)
_ We have to observe marketing levels after the centres have opened. At Nantes, Usine Center on the Atlantis area, where there is high quality architecture, closed after six months. The centres need the brands.



{{Neil CHAPMAN}}, Chameleon Retail
_ In terms of architecture, are village centres and covered malls mostly built?



{{Robert VAN DEN HEUVEL}} (BVS Outlet villages)
_ Outlet centre architecture depends on the country so as all the shopping centres. Thus there is no definite trend.



{{Bruno ROGOWSKI}}
_ How does Nike view this multiplication of projects?



{{Robert VAN DEN HEUVEL}} (BVS Outlet villages)
_ Nike can be found in every centre and generally do well in all the markets.



{{Bruno ROGOWSKI}}
_ Will 20% of unsold stock be enough to meet the potential demand associated with the announced development of these centres? No doubt they will need more goods and more unsold stock!



{{From the floor}}
_ Brands that only use the Outlet channel are a danger for brand centres, and the centres should make sure that they do not host such brands.



{{Bruno ROGOWSKI}}
_ Is there a minimum size for a centre?



{{Alexandre SEJOURNE}}
_ That depends on the country. In Italy, the large centres are profitable because the share of consumption for clothing is 8 %. In France, it is only 4 %, so centres in France prefer to grow gradually.



{{Robert VAN DEN HEUVEL}} (BVS Outlet villages)
_ Nowadays, a minimum of 15000 to 25000 square metres is necessary for an outlet centre, otherwise customers will not want to drive a certain distance to visit it.



{{Cédric MOULIN}} (VF Europe)
_ For VF, it is not the size or the village concept that counts, but the location in relation to through traffic and the trading area. What is more, if the market offering is « diluted » because there are too many tenants, customers are not really sure why they are coming to the centres.



{{Bruno ROGOWSKI}}
_ How does a brand make its choice?



{{Cédric MOULIN}} (VF Europe)
_ A brand selects the most dynamic centres, not necessarily the largest ones. Some centres are too focused on the French consumer, and their advertising is in French – the brands are looking for more exposure.



{{Christian GARCIA}} (Managing Director of Mango worldwide)
_ Are developers interested in setting up concepts in the Middle East?



{{Robert VAN DEN HEUVEL}} (BVS Outlet villages)
_ It depends on the capacity but also on future opportunities like in China. Currently, we are too much of a small player to invest in the Middle East.



{{Neil CHAPMAN}}, Chameleon Retail
_ From a retailer’s perspective, one needs to find the owner lasting in the long term and investing in the right scheme (marketing, size, brands).



{{Robert VAN DEN HEUVEL}} (BVS Outlet villages)
_ The local knowledge and expertise are crucial.



{{Christian GARCIA}} (Managing Director of Mango worldwide)
_ We opened an outlet centre in Dubai and one in the Philippines but the local knowledge is missing even though they have the capital and well designed outlets.



{{Cédric MOULIN}} (VF Europe)
_ We have to open up to Eastern Europe. It is true, too, that some very nice concepts are being developed in India and in Dubai.



{{From the floor}} (McArthurGlen representative)
_ India is a booming market. The big brands are in the big shopping malls. The question is who are the tenants ready to settle in an outlet in India?



{{Christian GARCIA}} (Managing Director of Mango worldwide)
_ India is indeed a good market but in Dubai there are also many opportunities.

In January 2009, the magdus team has interviewed the marketing managers of several factory outlet centres in France to collect their balance sheet of year 2008. This synthesis brings to light the big tendencies of the activity of the centres in 2008 with regard to the balance sheet of year 2007. In an unfavourable cyclical context, in particular during the second half-year 2008, it seems that the majority of the Factory Outlet Centres had a good activity during year 2008.

{If you are interested in reading the results of the study in English, please contact us: accueil@magdus.com}

Les centres de marques ne fonctionnent pas tous à l’identique.


Leur pouvoir d’attraction, et donc leur impact, diffèrent en fonction de leur plancher commercial, de la densité des marques attractives, de l’environnement dans lequel ils s’insèrent (…)


Toutefois, l’observation des magasins d’usine et centres de marques européens permet de dégager une tendance générale : autour du concept de base, se greffent désormais maintes activités ludiques, de divertissement et de loisirs.

Pour éclairer votre point de vue sur l’évolution du concept, vous pouvez télécharger les études suivantes:

-* Innovation, centres de marques et magasins d’usine (2007)

-* Centres de marques : les nouvelles approches du concept en Europe (2004)

-* Analyse et du développement du concept magasin d’usine et de négoce : situation comparée des centres Troyes, Roubaix et Talange (2001) – Synthèse

-* Analyse et développement du concept magasin d’usine et de négoce : situation comparée des centres Troyes, Roubaix et Talange (2001) – Etude complète

Pour toutes informations complémentaires, vous pouvez nous joindre par courriel : [->accueil@magdus.com]

————

-* François Baroin, Maire, Ville de Troyes
-* Christine Baudchon, Directeur du réseau, Zapa
-* Alessandro Bedeschi, General Secretary, European Association of Fashion Retailers
-* Jean-Loup Besquent, Directeur filiale outlet europe, CWF / Vecopri
-* R

{{Jörg NOWICKI}}
_ I am the Senior Editor for Textilwirtschaft, Europe’s leading weekly trade magazine for the retail and fashion industry.



{{Ulrich NORDHORN}}
_ Previously Director of Gap, I also worked for Mc Donald’s, did some work for Habitat and founded my own business for the German market: Retail Development Group. His objective is to help wholesalers to become retailers. Our focus is to provide consultancy and to develop factory outlets in Germany.



{{Jörg NOWICKI}}
_ Germany is often quoted as the land of ‘too much retail space’. Since the reunification of Germany, space rose from 70 to 150 million square metres. Part of the retail spending went down from 35 % in 1995 to 29 % in 2006. For over 10 years, Germany did not have a good turnover except in 2002. This year, in 2007, the German Retail Association calls for another year of stagnation or slight decline due to the high value of added taxes (now 19%). Germany hosts 400 shopping centres with 24 new shopping centres next year.



{{Ulrich NORDHORN}}
_ With 82 million inhabitants and 7 major centres, Germany’s development of factory outlets is slow in comparison to other countries such as the UK, where there are already 27 centres for 60 million inhabitants. Yet, performance in the German outlet centres is deemed fairly good (for instance Metzingen).



{{Jörg NOWICKI}}
_ Will there be any changes for new developments?



{{Ulrich NORDHORN}}
_ In Germany, there is a strong lobbying from department store companies against further development of factory outlet centres. In the Northern part of Germany, Bremen, the 9 years old outlet centre, has experienced phenomenal sales with all the big brands (Nike, Adidas, recently Esprit…) and a stock room of over 1000 sq. metres. This project is almost completed. In Otwurp, a 5000 square metre of selling area hopes to expand but the permit has not been granted by the state yet. The strong lobby from department stores is a massive obstacle. In Otwurp, there is a new legislation which forbids factory outlet centres to establish in a city comprising less than 1000 inhabitants and requires both local and regional consent.



{{De la salle}}
_ What about other states?



{{Ulrich NORDHORN}}
_ The overall permit process is a difficult and complicated process. Other states face the same difficulty as in Otwurp (Hessen). In lower Saxony, the State Minister has yet to grant one permit to the winning bidder.



{{From the floor}}
_ Is it through legal consent or through local communities that the permit is granted?



{{Ulrich NORDHORN}}
_ It used to be a local community issue but it is now the state law that decides on granting the permit. All state governments are proceeding to prevent out of town developments.



{{From the floor}}
_ As a marketing specialist, and from a consumer point of view, we want the factory outlet to open even if it will be more difficult to establish them in Germany than in other countries. Germany’s centres will be best taking into account its past experience in factory outlet.



{{Ulrich NORDHORN}}
_ German customers do appreciate outlets but it will take some years to develop. It is all about the legal situation and its consents. Italy has 17 outlet centres, Spain has 12, France has 15…



{{Jörg NOWICKI}}
_ Germany has 7 outlet centres. Why is Germany in the middle?



{{Ulrich NORDHORN}}
_ It is very difficult to get the legal consent like in France. When you waste 700,000 € in legal costs, you understand that financial means and power are crucial to get to the final stages of getting a permit.



{{Jörg NOWICKI}}
_ Is it also different because of the structure, of the retail industry? Is it different in the UK than in Germany?



{{Ulrich NORDHORN}}
_ Retail industry is changing in favour of the outlet industry since concession shops are less and less surviving to recession.



{{From the floor}}
_ The German mentality has also changed, it is today less shameful to go to an outlet.



{{Ulrich NORDHORN}}
_ It is still a bit shameful.



{{Robert VAN DEN HEUVEL}} (BVS Outlet villages)
_ Times have changed, the market is less hypersensitive about outlet factories. There are still political forces against factory outlets but this will change in time.



{{Henrik C.MARIS}}, Factory outlet consultancy
_ Factories are going to breakthrough and brands will need to hide under a name (such as Mac Arthur Glenn). Question is, how will the rules be bent? Will there be more of multi brand shops in one outlet centre or will there be more stand alone shops?



{{Ulrich NORDHORN}}
_ It is a temporary problem due to a lot of new laws. 5000 square metres is still possible but you need a significant size. The mono label is the market of the future.



{{From the floor}}
_ And what about the development of outlet centres on city borders?



{{Ulrich NORDHORN}}
_ There are possibilities in Germany like one city centre in Ettlingen next to Karlsruhe. Catchment is there with a beautiful historic city centre but there is no space (less than 2000 square metres).



{{From the floor}}
_ But then, retailers won’t want out-of-town outlets?



{{Ulrich NORDHORN}}
_ That is what politicians aim at. They want a factory outlet in an underdeveloped city but it also means a centre without any attractiveness.



{{From the floor}}
_ It goes against the concept of factory outlet, against the idea of leisure activity. What do you think of East Germany?



{{Ulrich NORDHORN}}
_ We have studied the markets and we do not believe in investing in areas like Dresden because spending power is very low and inner-city development is going up. There is too much retail space in the East and there is a different kind of consumption, consumers are not driven by brands like in the West.



{{Jörg NOWICKI}}
_ As a result of restrictions, Germany is neighbouring more outlet centres in France and Belgium. Is this trend going to get more serious in the next years?



{{Ulrich NORDHORN}}
_ Belgium outlets centres attract many German customers: they are opened seven days a week, they are located only 30 minutes away from Düsseldorf. Soon in Salzburg, there will be a new outlet centre.



{{From the floor}}
_ The example of Salzburg is a huge undertaking that will turn a shopping centre into an outlet mall.



{{Ulrich NORDHORN}}
_ If this Austrian outlet is established, it will attract the German customers away from German outlets.



{{Jörg NOWICKI}}
_ Is Germany competitive enough in terms of its opening hours?



{{Ulrich NORDHORN}}
_ Germany is competitive in comparison to The Netherlands where outlets close at 18pm but will need Sunday openings to be more competitive.



{{Jörg NOWICKI}}
_ The Internet is open 24 hours, 7 days a week. Does that represent a threat for outlet factory centre business?



{{Ulrich NORDHORN}}
_ Internet is a real competitor for the retail market and within 6 months you can judge the efficiency of an internet platform by the sales of a top store.



{{Jörg NOWICKI}}
_ What kind of brands does a factory outlet centre in Germany need?



{{Ulrich NORDHORN}}
_ A premium factory outlet centre focuses more on international luxurious brands (Gucci, Prada), and on mainstream brands to keep the frequency in the centre and its young customers. It also focuses on sports brands (Polo) and middle market brands (Tommy Hilfiger, Ralph Lauren) for which people will drive 1 hour to 1h30.



{{Jörg NOWICKI}}
_ There are no real designer brands in these outlet centres, so why is it called a ‘designer’ outlet centre?



{{From the floor}}
_ The aim is to define an outlet that is not a factory, but also offers good value retail brands. You need the mass and the class: the name ‘designer outlet’ attracts all of those.



{{Jörg NOWICKI}}
_ Do customers only come for the number of stores?



{{Ulrich NORDHORN}}
_ Diversification of brands and proximity to transportation are crucial. The main focus is to make money on the main high street not in the outlet industry (Puma, Esprit) although it is a good business for retailers.



{{Jörg NOWICKI}}
_ Architecture is a sensitive issue, what kind of architecture represents the future for an outlet centre?



{{Ulrich NORDHORN}}
_ Outlet centres need a combination of big box outlets (Bremen), a cosy city atmosphere and big surfaces but you do not need a Disneylike atmosphere.



{{From the floor}}
_ There is not one design. The Bremen concept works for certain retailers. Each outlet centre has to consider the league of the brands and then define its design.



{{Jörg NOWICKI}}
_ There are 7 factory outlet centres in Germany. How many new centres will be added?



{{Ulrich NORDHORN}}
_ Over the next 3 years, there may be 3 to 4 new permits for new outlet centres in Germany, in lower Saxony, in Otwurp, in Berlin, maybe in Neumünster.

{{{Le Royaume-Uni, l’Italie, l’Espagne et la France concentrent plus des 2/3 du plancher commercial européen…}}}

_ En mars 2009, plus de 170 centres de magasins d’usine et de marques sont recensés à l’échelle européenne, représentant une surface de vente globale de plus de 2,5 millions de m²*. A eux seuls, le Royaume-Uni, l’Italie, l’Espagne et la France concentrent plus des deux tiers du plancher commercial européen. Entre 2000 et 2008, le nombre de centres a plus que doublé en Europe. Dans le même temps, la surface de vente totale dédiée à cette forme de distribution a connu une hausse de plus de 70%. L’Europe du Sud (Espagne, Italie) ainsi que les Pays d’Europe Centrale et Orientale (Pologne,Hongrie, Bulgarie, Croatie, Roumanie, etc.) constituent les principales terres d’accueil des implantations les plus récentes.

*{L’importance de celle-ci est à relativiser lorsque l’on sait que trois millions de m² de surface commerciale ont été autorisés en C.D.E.C. en France pour la seule année 2008 et que le territoire français comptait, à la fin de l’année 2008, 51 millions de m² de surface de vente. Les centres de magasins d’usine et de marques constituent bien un créneau de niche.}

{{Centres de marques en activité en Europe
{(Mai 2009)} }}

A Troyes, l’impact du tourisme commercial, suscité par le développement des centres de marques, est extrêmement important. C’est l’ensemble de l’économie locale qui bénéficie de cet apport de richesses extérieures.
Or, entre la fin des années 90 et le début des années 2000, le paysage commercial national des centres de marques s’est transformé, générant par là même des changements dans le comportement des chalands extérieurs.

-*Quelles ont été, à Troyes, les incidences sur le tourisme commercial ?
-*comment l’emploi dans la distribution et plus particulièrement dans le secteur de l’habillement a t-il évolué ?
-*Le commerce traditionnel a-t-il enregistré une réelle modification de sa structure ?

{{Pour découvrir ou approfondir vos connaissances sur l’évolution de la situation troyenne, vous pouvez télécharger les études suivantes:}}

-*Caractéristiques de la consommation et de la fréquentation en période hors soldes (2008)
_ Source: Jérôme CAUDRON, Observatoire européen des centres de marques et magasins d’usine.

-*Centres de marques troyens : Mesure des principaux indicateurs en période hors soldes (2007)
_ Source: Jérôme CAUDRON, Observatoire européen des centres de marques et magasins d’usine.

-*Fonctionnement des centres de marques et «magasins d’usine» de Troyes en 2005

-*Le point sur le solde magasins d’usine et de négoce et emploi dans le commerce d’habillement de l’agglomération troyenne (2001)
_ Source: Observatoire économique CCI Troyes et Aube, MAJ mai 2004.

-*Parallèles entre l’évolution des ensembles aubois et des centres nationaux
_ Source: CCI Troyes et Aube, MAJ mai 2004.

-* Analyse et développement du concept magasin d’usine et de négoce : situation comparée des centres Troyes, Roubaix et Talange (2001) – Etude complète
_ Source: Observatoire Economique CCI Troyes et Aube, 2001.

-*Magasins d’usine et centre-ville de Troyes : les réalités d ’une coexistence obligée …
_ Source : Observatoire Économique de la Chambre de Commerce et d’Industrie de Troyes et de l’Aube / Cabinet Bérénice, avril 1999.
_

{{Pour toutes informations complémentaires, vous pouvez nous joindre par courriel : [->accueil@magdus.com]}}

————

|Nom / Name|Prénom / First name|Société / Organisation|Pays / Country|
|Adaissi|Azzedine|Start Concept|France|
|Adjeroud|Myriam|Magdus|France|
|Airiaud|Jean-Yves|Seb-Lagostina|France|
|Analis|Alexandre|Faire Savoir Faire|France|
|Arzeni|Fabrizio|Morning|Italie|
|Astudillo-Legeay|Maïté|Unibail Management|France|
|Baccam |Ken|Ixis Aew Europe|France|
|Bacquier |Alain|Freeport|Monaco|
|Bandel|Shirley|Noa Productions|Belgique|
|Baudchon|Christine|Zapa |France|
|Bazin|Valérie|Villeroy & Boch|France|
|Beaucousin|Claire|CCI de Versailles-Val d’Oise-Yvelines|France|
|Bécam|Marie|Groupe Zannier|France|
|Bedeschi|Alessandro|European Association of Fashion Retailers |Belgique|
|Behaxeteguy|Miren|Plateforme|France|
|Belledent|Jean-Baptiste|Unibail Management|France|
|Bender|Jeroen|Shopping Center Management Europe BV|Hollande|
|Benoit|Véronique|Diamino|France|
|Berthelot|Christiane|Ville de Troyes|France|
|Besquent|Jean-Loup|CWF / Vecopri |France|
|Boissonnet|Jean-Pierre|Boissonnet Design|France|
|Bonnier|Magali|CCI de Versailles-Val d’Oise-Yvelines|France|
|Bouillet|Christian|Hacot-Colombier|France|
|Boydron|Patrice|Esprit|France|
|Broadhead|Richard|Freeport |Royaume-Uni|
|Calabrese|Julia J.|McArthurGlen |Royaume-Uni|
|Calais|Florian|Havrey|France|
|Campo|Fabrizio|Design Management|Italie|
|Canibalosky|Eric|Petit Bateau|France|
|Castaing|Bernard|Aube Développement|France|
|Caudron|Jérôme|MCT Consulting|France|
|Cesson-Ruelle|Angélique|CCI de Troyes et de l’Aube|France|
|Chapman|Neil|Cameleon Retail|Royaume-Uni|
|Chateignier|Jacqueline|CCI du Choletais|France|
|Chervet|Bernard|CCI de l’Ain|France|
|Chevalier|Bertrand|Communauté d’Agglomération Troyenne|France|
|Chiapponi-Henryon|Laurence|Marques et Territoire|France|
|Choisy|Dominique|Delsey|France|
|Coisne|Cyprien|Multi Development France |France|
|Cordeiro|David|CCI du Roannais|France|
|Costil|Olivier|LSA |France|
|Crielaard|Chielbert|Kipling|Hollande|
|Daguin|Eric|CB Richard Ellis Retail |Italie|
|Damelet|Michèle |CCI de l’Ain|France|
|Dauvers|Olivier|Tribune Grande Conso |France|
|de Feydeau|Baudoin|ING REIM|France|
|de Dinechin|Thierry|DGLA|France|
|de Jamblinne|Patrick|EIC Group|Belgique|
|de Labarre|Emmanuel |Eurelia |France|
|Demars|Olivier|BCBG|France|
|de Montarnal |Etienne|CCI de Troyes et l’Aube |France|
|de Souza|Michel |CCBB|France|
|Decouvelaere|Eric|McArthurGlen |Royaume-Uni|
|Delannoy|Dimitri-François|Implant’Action|France|
|Delfaud|Claire|CCI de Versailles-Val d’Oise-Yvelines|France|
|Deslong|Samuel|Le Coq Sportif|France|
|Desrues |Pierre|CCI de l’Essonne|France|
|D’hulst|Jorge|Libération Champagne|France|
|Donnet|Eric|Ixis Aew Europe|France|
|Dousset |Marie-Paule|Guide des Magasins d’Usine|France|
|Dubos-Sdez|Manuëla|Multi Development France |France|
|Dufour|Jean-Christophe|Altarea |France|
|Dujeux|Patrick |Marques Avenue|France|
|Dumortier|Bruno|L’Est Eclair|France|
|Durruty|Gonzalo|Inter Ikea Centre Espana|Espagne|
|Dutech|Elie|Ville de Nailloux|France|
|Elinck|Monique|Fédération Troyes Centre|France|
|Emsellem|Jacques|Complices|France|
|Erner|Guillaume|Sciences-Po Paris |France|
|Fagnart|Sylvie|L’Echo|Belgique|
|Falla|Didier|McArthurGlen|France|
|Fay|Jacques|SunFactory|France|
|Feyssaguet |Raymond|Ville de Villefontaine|France|
|Gabas|Juan-Marcos|Neinver |Espagne|
|Galle|Emmanuel|McGregor|France|
|Galimant|Christine|Fashion Daily News|France|
|Garcia|Christian|Mango|Espagne|
|Garinot|Céline|CCI de Versailles-Val d’Oise-Yvelines|France|
|Geoffroy|Jean-Claude|Libération Champagne|France|
|Georges|Camille|Points de Vente|France|
|Gilles|Philippe|L’Essentiel de la Chaussure|France|
|Gillet|Anne|Mod’show|France|
|Gillet|Etienne|Mod’show|France|
|Gonder|Jens|Ixis Aew Europe|France|
|Gontier|Bernard|CCI de Saumur|France|
|Gorce|Philippe|DGLA|France|
|Grandbarbe|Jean-Jacques|CCI de Troyes et l’Aube |France|
|Guarrigues|Laurent|Sport Eco|France|
|Guegano|Lydie|Urcecad|France|
|Guillot|Brigitte|La Lettre de la Distribution Internationale|France|
|Hautefaye|William|Maille Center|France|
|Henriot|Brigitte|Doré-Doré|France|
|Hermant|Joël|DGCCRF|France|
|Hittinger-Roux|Sylvie|HB & Associés|France|
|Hittinger-Roux|Gilles|SCP HB & Associés|France|
|Hoang|Amélie|Unibail Management|France|
|Horatz|Barbara|BVS Outlet Villages|France|
|Jacquet|X.|Hacot-Colombier|France|
|Jestin|Marina |Unibail Management|France|
|Johnstone|Mark|Rohleder Lumby|Royaume-Uni|
|Kahn-Guerra |Marion|Cabinet BMS|France|
|Kleiner|Robert|Kleiner Diffusion|France|
|Kurkova|Jana|Retail Biz|République Tchèque|
|L’Helgoualc’h|Pierre|Immobilière Frey SAS|France|
|Lacroix|Jean-Christophe|Puma|France|
|Lafon-Ceyral|Sandrine|Ixis Aew Europe|France|
|Lamy|Caroline |Magdus |France|
|Laporte|Jean|Columbia Sportswear|Suisse|
|Larbaletier|Robert|Larbaletier SA|France|
|Large|Andrea|Mango|Espagne|
|Larzillière|Franck|Seb-Lagostina|France|
|Laurenrano|Clementina|Morning|Italie|
|Le Bihan-Kats|José|CCI de Touraine|France|
|Lebleu|Marjorie|Cojep|France|
|Le Floch|Olivier |AchatVIP.com |France|
|Lefebvre|Guillaume|Façonnable|France|
|Lehmann|Jean-Pierre|CCI de Meurthe-et-Moselle|France|
|Lepercq|Vincent|Journal du Textile|France|
|Lemelle|Dominique |CCI de Troyes et l’Aube |France|
|Leroux|Thiphaine|France 3|France|
|Leroy|Jean-Paul |Fashion Daily News|France|
|Leskiewicz|Tomasz |Brand Sp. Zo.o.|Pologne|
|Locurcio|Laurent |Agence Info|France|
|Lopez|Eric|CCI de l’Essonne|France|
|Lorentz|Jean|Communauté de Communes d’Uffried|France|
|Lung|Sven |Brand Alley |France|
|Maffioli|Carlo|Promos|Italie|
|Maffioli|Filippo|Promos|Italie|
|Mailley|Jacques|Tachon Chaussures|France|
|Maisonnasse|Nadège|BCBG|France|
|Maltoni |Jean-Jacques|Bardis|France|
|Mangin|Jacques|CCI du Roannais|France|
|Manière|Julie|Canal 32|France|
|Marie |Jérôme|Ville de Troyes|France|
|Maris|Henrik C.|Factory outlet consultancy |Danemark|
|Markiewicz|Justyna|Neinver|Pologne|
|Martin|Blandine|PRformance|France|
|Martin|Pascale|McArthurGlen|France|
|Martinez|Serge-François|CCI de Troyes et l’Aube |France|
|Martinho|Estelle|Columbia Sportswear|Suisse|
|Martorana|Marina |Guida agli Spacci |Italie|
|Mary|Jacques|SCI M3 Immobilier|France|
|Mary|Yves|SCI M3 Immobilier|France|
|Marzola|Luca|Fashion District Group|Italie|
|Mayer|Olivier|France 3|France|
|Mauleon|Brigitte |CCI de Touraine|France|
|Membrey|Giles|Bergerac Outlets|Royaume-Uni|
|Menetrier|Alexandra|McArthurGlen|France|
|Mertens|Ilse|ING Real Estate Development Holding|Belgique|
|Meyer|Michel|Cabinet BMS|France|
|Milliken|Chris |Freeport |Royaume-Uni|
|Mirland|Jean-Michel|Lejaby-Warnaco|France|
|Misiak|Miroslaw|Brand Sp. Zo.o.|Pologne|
|Moulin|Cédric|VF Europe|Belgique|
|Morawski|Christelle|CER|France|
|Morel-Liagre|Muriel|Unibail Management|France|
|Moret|Didier |MCT Consulting|France|
|Morris|Neil|Engle|Royaume-Uni|
|Moss|François |Pantheon|Royaume-Uni|
|Natas|Michael|McArthurGlen|Royaume-Uni|
|Neffati|Bello|Start Concept|France|
|Noble|Jean-Pierre|Ixis Aew Europe|France|
|Nordhorn|Ulrich |Retail Development Group|Allemagne|
|Notter|Isabelle|DGCCRF|France|
|Nowicki|Jörg |TextilWirtshaft|Allemagne|
|Ogier|Pascal |Urbanisme et Commerce|France|
|Oudet|Patrick |MDSA|France|
|Pacifico|Roberto |Mark Up|Italie|
|Pagani|Laura |Morning|Italie|
|Palao|Diego|Neinver|Espagne|
|Palkus|Bernadette|Ville de Villefontaine|France|
|Papaz|Didier |Optic 2000|France|
|Papillon|Jean|FDCF|France|
|Paragon|Sabine |Marques Avenue|France|
|Parker|Graham |Shopping Centre|Royaume-Uni|
|Péribère|Maxime|On-Site|France|
|Peyrot|Philippe|Ville de Nailloux|France|
|Piat-Leman|Martine|Karyna|France|
|Poillot|Romuald|Reebok|France|
|Pontailler|Jean-Jacques|Communauté d’Agglomération Troyenne|France|
|Pope|Chris |Kenmore Property Group|Royaume-Uni|
|Pourret|Anne-Laure|Mercyalis|France|
|Ravoire|Eric|CBRE Inverstors|France|
|Raynaud|Roxane|Mercyalis|France|
|Richard|Chloë|Communauté d’Agglomération Troyenne|France|
|Rico|Juan-Carlos|Neinver|Espagne|
|Robert|Pascal|Engle|Royaume-Uni|
|Roberts|Iestyn |Freeport|Royaume-Uni|
|Robin|Patrick |24h.fr|France|
|Robin|Philippe |Bouwfonds MAB Development|France|
|Rogowski|Bruno |Magdus|France|
|Rohleder|Simon|Rohleder Lumby|Royaume-Uni|
|Roussarie|Pascal |Cetelem|France|
|Roux|Gilles|CCI de Meurthe-et-Moselle|France|
|Saavedra|Manuel |Neinver|Espagne|
|Salzman|Alain |Marques Avenue |France|
|Santos-Knoop|Béatrice|Communauté d’Agglomération Troyenne|France|
|Sboui|Sami |EuroMedTextile|France|
|Schaffauser |Claudine|CCI Sud-Alsace Mulhouse|France|
|Scheuffgen|Gabi|Esprit|Allemagne|
|Schilde|Philippe|Agence Info|France|
|Schlosser|Fabrice |Canal 32|France|
|Sebille|Laurie|Implant’Action|France|
|Segur|Franck |DVNET|Suisse|
|Séjourné|Alexandre |Marques Avenue|France|
|Skornik|Laurent |Jerem|France|
|Stanton-Geddes|Vanessa|Esprit|Allemagne|
|Tetard|Benjamin|Levi Strauss|Belgique|
|Thomas|Gaël |Business Immo|France|
|Tim|Sansom|Bergerac Outlets|Royaume-Uni|
|Touitou|Léo|Complices|France|
|Toulemonde|Catherine|PRformance|France|
|Tournemeule|Michel|Ville de St-Julien-les-Villas|France|
|Touzac|Aurore-Mélody|Pantheon|France|
|Tuhdarian|Edgar|HP Consulting|France|
|Van den Heuvel|Robert|BVS Outlet Villages|Luxembourg|
|Van Voorst Vader|Pieter|Nike|Hollande|
|Venuat|Martine|Marques Avenue|France|
|Verschelle|Franck |Pantheon|Royaume-Uni|
|Villemus|Philippe ||France|
|Villiers|Nicolas|Office de Tourisme de Troyes|France|
|Vincent|Thibaut|GSE|France|
|Voisembert|Valérie|Freeport|Monaco|
|Wigny|Augustin|Famous Clothes|Belgique|
|Willems|Frédéric|FNH|France|
|Wlekinski|Yann|Samsonite|France|
|Yarhi|Joëlle|ING REIM|France|
|Zanon|Cédric|ACFCI|France|
|Zouzowsky|Vanessa|ING REIM|France|

{{Graham PARKER}}
_ The United States has over 250 outlet centres. Each outlet counts 1.2 million visitors. The Irish market is becoming as mature with 6 million people and 5 outlet centres (Sweden and Switzerland as well).
Since over 60 % of the retail brands are situated on high streets and that there are no legal restrictions on the period of sales, the value offered by outlets is undermined.
Trade has been more difficult with the revival of Marks and Spencer.
NEXT’s turnover is down to 3 % this year. As a result, They have, tightened the supply chain and have 25 % less stock available. Marks and Spencer spends 150 million € on marketing in the UK per year and NEXT spends about 10 million €. Ireland has different characteristics, what are your experiences?



{{François MOSS}}
_ Ireland has a very tricky market. The only British outlet you can reproduce would be on the East Coast, since the West Coast is densely populated and organized with small towns.



{{Graham PARKER}}
_ Two of the three operators are in Northern Ireland. That may have to do with the planning system and the British legal code. Indeed the planning system in the South is not as development oriented.



{{François MOSS}}
_ The North offers more opportunities to developers. Ireland is a very successful place for design and small businesses. At the moment, fashion textile is imported from the UK.



{{Graham PARKER}}
_ The Irish system focuses on saving rather than spending all their money on outlets, they have special savings accounts.







{{From the floor}} (Journal du textile)
_ How healthy are the 50 factory shops in the United Kingdom?



{{Graham PARKER}}
_ I do not know what the consumer levels are, it depends from the centre. With regards to premature performance, most of the big outlets are in institutional hands now. It shows that the financial community still has confidence in outlets.



{{François MOSS}}
_ From my estimate, occupancy runs from 80 to 85 %. There are 2 types of outlets, the small ones which generally do well, and the big ones, the ambitious, that occupy the market. The UK is a very liquid market; a lot of money can, be made in both types of outlets. The UK market is way ahead in continental Europe and its outlets are open 7 days a week.



{{Graham PARKER}}
_ Sundays is the second best trading day after Saturday. If it were a full day, it would probably become as good as a Saturday.



{{François MOSS}}
_ Sundays are often better trading days than Saturdays.



{{From the floor}} (Samsonite)
Which outlets will survive in periods of a declining market?



{{Graham PARKER}}
_ The “survivors” will be the ones adopting a strategy, investing in marketing and creating a feeling of space with a design attracting the “good” consumers.



{{François MOSS}}
_ There are 2 aspects in success. One is the catchment and the dynamics. The other is strong management.



{{Graham PARKER}}
_ Scotland has 2 dead outlet malls, one is very close to Livingston. Livingston is attached to a full time shopping centre which presents challenges for a retailer.



{{From the floor}}
_ In France, a maximum of 15 centres will be able to be built. How do you explain the fact that the United Kingdom can host 49 centres for an equivalent population?



{{Graham PARKER}}
_ A centralised planning system is crucial. Certain towns have allowed outlets to develop in a way that they are stealing business from other locations. The UK universities could support more outlets.



{{François MOSS}}
_ You need to look at the population distribution, UK’s is dense for example (South East of England: 25 million people). You do not have that density in France.



{{From the floor}}
_ Can you tell us more about TK Max?



{{Graham PARKER}}
_ TK Max has expanded very aggressively. It does not market itself as well as factory outlets, which are more focused on a leisure experience.



{{François MOSS}}
_ The consumer type is very different. In Factory outlets such as PBL, the consumers generally don’t have time to lose, they know what they want: their purchases are very scheduled. TK Max is on the other hand label-driven.

{{Existing centres in Europe
(march 2009)}}